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in steel cabinets under a system which allows of any particular exhibit being pro- duced in the shortest possible time. The Office is a model of what such an office should be viz.: one in charge of a Secretary or Business Manager who deals with this particular branch of work leaving the Chief time and opportunity to concentrate on directing the whole machine.
In all the Branches there are lay secretaries who relieve the Chiefs of much of the routine and allow them to devote their time to the subjects they are particu- larly qualified to deal with. The Doctor however is the Head of the staff, and the secretary is his right hand man,
With regard to Municipal Health matters, the following are under the Health Department or closely connected with it:
(a) Housing and town planning--All plans for new buildings and for alterations must be submitted to the Health Officer for approval
(b) Drainage and sewerage.
(c) Scavenging and refuse disposal.
(d) Stables and dairiés.
(e) Markets, bakeries and food shops and factories.
(Anti-mosquito work.
(g) Infectious diseases.
(h) Venereal diseases
(Births and deaths
With regard to anti-malaria works, there are no engineers and there are no entomologists. The Assistant Chief Health Officer is the Malariologist and he has for assistants three American Inspectors and gangs of negroes with their own over-
secrs.
The staff do all the investigation, all the mosquito surveys, all the drainage in- cluding the making of concrete channels, all the oiling and all the filling of swamps and low lying areas.
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B.--THE PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL. (International Settlement).
Under the direction of the Commissioner of Public Health— Dr. Noel Davis.
The rudiments of a Public Health Department existed in Shanghai in 1864. It was then called the Nuisance Department and its chief function was the disposal of ordure and garbage.
The Department as it exists today was founded and established on modern lines in 1898 by Dr. Arthur Stanley, who was the first whole-time Health Officer
Since then the Department has undergone steady progressive development and its activities are today wide-reaching and comprehensive.
It has been built up, not by compulsory measures, for there is an almost com- plete absence of Public Health Legislation in Shanghai, but largely by the education and co-operation of the people
For purposes of Public Health the International Settlement is divided into Dis- tricts and Sub-districts. Each Sub-district has its own Branch Health Office, the cen- tre of education, especially for the Chinese residents, in the principles and practice of sanitation and hygiene by lectures and cinematographic demonstrations. Free Vac- cination is available in all the Branch Health Offices
The organisation of the Public Health Department is as follows:-
Administration Dirision.
Vital Statistics-Notification of Communicable Diseases and Re- gistration of Deaths-Business Operations—Income and Ex- penditure.
Pathological Laboratory
Diagnosis of Communicable Disease-Bacteriological examination of water, milk and food--Preparation of Small-pox, Anti- rabic and bacterial vaccines-Examination of rats for Plague. Chemical Laboratory
Analysis of water, milk and food-Toxicological and Forensic ex-
aminations.
Dispensary.
Compounding and dispensing of drugs for Municipal Hospitals-
purchase of drugs, dressings, medical and surgical stores.
Pasteur Institute. (Anti-rabie treatment).
Hospitals.
Foreign Isolation Hospital
140 beds.
Chinese Isolation Hospital
Police Hospitals (Indian and Chinese)
Mental Hospital
Tuberculosis Sanatorium
142 3
98
11
15
36
Tuberculosis Clinic
Venereal Diseases Clinic
in connection with the General Hospital.
Radiological Department-in connection with the General and
Country Hospitals.
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